Daily Med Bites 30/04/2025

Dear reader, here are the summaries of some of the latest papers from PubMed.

As you can see, I’m experimenting with different formats on how to convey information in the most effective way. Please, answer to the poll at the end of the email to confirm your preference, it will help me in providing a better service!

SGLT2 inhibitors:

• Source: SGLT2 inhibitors offer clinical benefits in managing cardio-renal-metabolic diseases, but their economic impact remains unclear.

• Source: SGLT-2 inhibitors are safe and effective for patients with peripheral arterial disease, showing cardiovascular benefits without increasing risk of adverse limb events.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that SGLT2 inhibitors may offer cardioprotective benefits for cancer patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing chemotherapy, particularly those not initially diagnosed with heart failure and those treated exclusively with anthracyclines.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may provide long-term cardiovascular and renal benefits in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, as supported by recent clinical trials and mechanisms related to inflammation suppression and fibrosis reduction.

• Source: The study found that Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) improve one-year cardiovascular outcomes in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that SGLT-2 inhibitors, initially developed for Diabetes mellitus, may reduce the incidence and recurrence of urolithiasis, potentially offering a new prophylactic therapy option.

• Source: The take-home message is that Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show promise in improving outcomes for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), but further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and optimize their use.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and chronic coronary syndrome undergoing PCI requires further investigation to fully understand their cardiorenal benefits in this specific population.

• Source: The study provides real-world evidence that combination therapy with newer generation GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is offers additional cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal benefits compared to SGLT2i alone in people with type 2 diabetes.

• Source: The study reveals that SGLT2 inhibitors protect against cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPK, which in turn counteracts ferroptosis. This provides a sustained protective mechanism and positions SGLT2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for treating cardiac hypertrophy.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that implementing clinical decision support tools increased CKD screening rates among diabetic patients, leading to improved usage of ACEi/ARB and SGLT2i medications.

Exosomes:

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that exosomes show significant potential as key elements in developing effective, personalized cancer vaccines by overcoming current challenges in cancer immunotherapy.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that exosomes have significant potential in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the tumor microenvironment, but their clinical application requires overcoming challenges such as standardization and safety assurance.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that macrophage-derived exosomes in cancer are dual-natured, both hindering therapeutic efficacy and offering potential for advanced cancer treatments through modification, highlighting the need to harness their unique properties for clinical applications.

• Source: Exosomes play a critical role in glioblastoma progression and could serve as biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets, potentially improving patient outcomes through targeted therapies that overcome the blood-brain barrier.

• Source: The study demonstrates that CD133-positive exosomes from MDA-MB-231 cells enhance the activation of key signaling pathways (AKT and ERK) in breast cancer cells, potentially promoting tumor progression. This highlights the importance of further research into exosome-mediated mechanisms to develop anti-metastatic strategies.

• Source: The paper introduces a deep learning-driven microfluidic chip with SERS readout that efficiently captures, enriches, and analyzes exosomes for early diagnosis and molecular subtyping of NSCLC, achieving high accuracy in distinguishing cancer cell lines from normal cells.

• Source: The key finding of this paper is that mRNA expression levels of specific transcription factors in circulating exosomes can accurately identify subtypes of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and combining these with Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) measurements improves the diagnostic accuracy for both limited- and extensive-stage SCLC patients.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in breast cancer progression by modulating gene expression and signaling pathways, and they have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

Osteoarthritis:

• Source: The review highlights the potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), particularly through their small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and mitochondrial transfer, to modulate macrophage function and offer new therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis (OA).

• Source: The study demonstrates that intraarticular injection of mesenchymal stem cells can effectively alleviate osteoarthritis in rabbits by reducing oxidative stress through SOD secretion.

• Source: The study demonstrates a gene therapy strategy using engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to deliver miRNA-874-3p, offering a safe and sustained method for treating osteoarthritis.

• Source: The study demonstrates that inhibiting the TGFβ pathway can reduce fibrotic formation and osteogenic induction in primary mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting it may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing heterotopic ossification after trauma.

• Source: The study shows that M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) help mitigate periodontitis-induced bone loss by promoting a unique Anxa1 expression pattern in periodontal tissues.

• Source: The study demonstrates that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-ex) can inhibit inflammation and fibrotic scar formation after intracerebral hemorrhage by downregulating the PTX3/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby improving neurological function in rats.

• Source: The study demonstrates that three IA injections of cryopreserved hP-MSCs are safe and effective for treating knee osteoarthritis over one year.

• Source: The study shows that ZFP36 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by degrading KLF3 mRNA, which could be a potential therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis.

That’s enough for today, see you tomorrow!

As always, these extremely reduced summaries may be incomplete or inexact in some aspects. Make sure to always read the papers of interest.

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