Daily Med Bites - 16/05/2025

Dear reader, here are the summaries of some of the latest papers from PubMed.

Perioperative Care:

• Source: Risk-adjustment methods are essential for accurately measuring perioperative mortality rates in low-income countries, guiding improvements in surgical care capacity and quality.

• Source: This paper’s key contribution is providing the first comprehensive assessment of perioperative mortality rate (POMR) in Ethiopia, identifying significant predictors of surgical mortality in a low- and middle-income country setting.

• Source: Specialized preoperative risk assessment for older patients is crucial to identify vulnerable high-risk individuals and ensure safe, tailored perioperative management.

• Source: Risk-adjusted outcome measures from the National Clinical Database are essential for validating and comparing the performance of experienced surgeons in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

• Source: This study developed a machine learning-based risk assessment model using electronic medical records that can predict poor postoperative pain outcomes with high accuracy (AUROC of 0.82), without requiring additional data collection.

• Source: Objective measurement of the shift from patient interaction to technology use by perioperative staff can aid in designing supportive technologies and planning for high-tech procedures.

• Source: This paper identifies key risk factors and common patterns associated with mortality in orthopedic patients during hospitalization, despite advancements in medical care.

• Source: Understanding anesthesia providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and willingness is crucial for successfully implementing mobile-based clinical decision support systems to reduce perioperative adverse events.

• Source: This guideline provides comprehensive implementation strategies for ERAS programs, covering patient-specific populations and phases from prehabilitation to postoperative care, aiding clinicians in optimizing perioperative outcomes.

• Source: This paper is that addressing systemic, patient-related, and physician-related barriers is crucial for reducing global disparities in ovarian cancer surgical care and improving equitable access to high-quality treatment.

• Source: This paper identifies the impact of perioperative gastric aspiration on outcomes for patients undergoing THA or TKA and determines risk factors associated with these events, areas not previously covered in existing literature.

• Source: Changes in surgical procedure volumes after MHS reforms did not negatively impact patient care, challenging earlier concerns about reduced access and quality of care.

Muscle Mass and Cancer Outcomes:

• Source: Postoperative decrease in pectoralis major muscle mass negatively impacts long-term outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

• Source: The study finds that segmentectomy may offer better postoperative outcomes for patients with low muscle mass compared to lobectomy in the context of non-small cell lung cancer surgery.

• Source: Preoperative skeletal muscle mass significantly influences survival outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer patients, and postoperative changes in muscle mass vary by cancer type, impacting prognosis differently.

• Source: The bidirectional association between muscle mass and chronic lung diseases in middle-aged and older adults is significant, with potential mediating mechanisms influencing this relationship.

• Source: The take-home message of this paper is that sarcopenia negatively impacts the prognosis for lung cancer patients undergoing spine surgery.

• Source: Weight management therapy reduces cardiovascular events in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors, potentially lowering risks of recurrence and all-cause mortality.

• Source: Obesity in cancer survivors, as measured by BMI, increases the risk of cancer recurrence and negatively impacts mortality.

• Source: Adding thoracic radiation to systemic chemotherapy improves 1-year and 2-year survival rates in patients with advanced-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Lung Cancer:

• Source: Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies significant intratumoral heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma, highlighting complex cellular diversity within tumors.

• Source: This paper identifies new marker genes for lung cancer stem cells using single-cell RNA sequencing, contributing to a better understanding of these cells and potentially improving therapeutic strategies.

• Source: Single-cell transcriptome sequencing revealed significant intra-tumor heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting the complexity of tumor biology.

• Source: In cases of multiple lung lesions, conducting a thorough pathological and molecular analysis is crucial for distinguishing between synchronous primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastases or multifocal ground-glass/lepidic-pattern lung cancer.

• Source: Three subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on BER and oxidative stress gene expression were identified, with distinct molecular characteristics and prognosis. Subtype C2 showed a better response to immunotherapy and improved survival outcomes compared to other subtypes.

That’s enough for today, see you tomorrow!

As always, these extremely reduced summaries may be incomplete or inexact in some aspects. Make sure to always read the papers of interest.

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